====== QemuRecipes ====== This page contains recipes for using qemu to run %%FreeBSD%% inside virtual machines (especially non-native virtual machines) on a %%FreeBSD%% host. The goal is to have a at least one "blessed" qemu recipe for each architecture %%FreeBSD%% supports. For more details on running qemu in general including network configuration, see the [[qemu|qemu]] page. For systems installed from an ISO image, the instructions assume you have downloaded an appropriate ISO image from a release or snapshot. When installing a new machine that requires a disk image, you can use truncate(1) to create an empty disk image before installing, for example: truncate -s 16g /path/to/disk.img If you wish to boot without a graphical console, add ''%%-nographic%%'' to the qemu command line. ====== armv7 ====== First, install the U-Boot port, sysutils/u-boot-qemu-arm. ===== Booting Disk Image ===== The serial console will be available on stdin and stdout. qemu-system-arm -M virt -m 512m -nographic -bios /usr/local/share/u-boot/u-boot-qemu-arm/u-boot.bin -hda /path/to/disk.img ====== aarch64 ====== See also: [[arm64/QEMU]] %%FreeBSD%%/aarch64 (aka ARM64) image can be booted in two ways: using U-Boot, or with UEFI image. For instructions on how to boot with UEFI, see [[arm64/QEMU]]. To boot using U-Boot, install sysutils/u-boot-qemu-arm64 port. ===== Booting Disk Image ===== qemu-system-aarch64 -M virt -m 512m -cpu cortex-a57 -nographic -bios /usr/local/share/u-boot/u-boot-qemu-arm64/u-boot.bin -hda /path/to/disk.img ====== mips ====== %%FreeBSD%% does not provide release images for mips, so a disk image must be built from source. Note that these instructions use a few placeholders: | /path/to/rootfs | Local directory on the host to hold the contents of the root filesystem. | | /path/to/disk.img | A file on the host to hold the UFS disk image of the root filesystem. | | /path/to/src | The path to the source tree used for the build. | ===== Building Disk Image ===== make TARGET_ARCH=mips buildworld make TARGET_ARCH=mips buildkernel KERNCONF=MALTA mkdir /path/to/rootfs make TARGET_ARCH=mips installworld DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs make TARGET_ARCH=mips installkernel KERNCONF=MALTA DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs make TARGET_ARCH=mips distribution DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs etcupdate extract -B -D /path/to/rootfs -s /path/to/src -M "TARGET_ARCH=mips" Create ''%%/etc/fstab%%'' in the rootfs to mount '/dev/ada0' as an ufs filesystem for /. You might also wish to make other changes to files in /etc such as enabling ssh. makefs -M 4g -B be /path/to/disk.img /path/to/rootfs ===== Booting Disk Image ===== The serial console will be available on stdin and stdout. qemu-system-mips -kernel /path/to/rootfs/boot/kernel/kernel -nographic -hda /path/to/disk.img -m 2048 ===== Using External GCC from Ports ===== To use external GCC from ports instead of the in-tree GCC 4.2.1 use these steps to build the image: pkg install mips-xtoolchain-gcc make TARGET_ARCH=mips CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc TARGET_CPUTYPE=mips3 buildworld make TARGET_ARCH=mips CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc TARGET_CPUTYPE=mips3 buildkernel KERNCONF=MALTA mkdir /path/to/rootfs make TARGET_ARCH=mips CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc installworld DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs make TARGET_ARCH=mips CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc installkernel KERNCONF=MALTA DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs make TARGET_ARCH=mips distribution DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs etcupdate extract -B -D /path/to/rootfs -s /path/to/src -M "TARGET_ARCH=mips CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc" To cross-compile simple programs using the rootfs and external GCC, use the following variables. Note that for C++ you may need to remove /usr/lib/include from the rootfs for builds to work correctly (note that this uses libc++ and so should work with C++11 programs): ROOTFS=/path/to/rootfs CC="mips-unknown-freebsd11.0-gcc -nostdinc -march=mips3 --sysroot=${ROOTFS} -isystem ${ROOTFS}/usr/include -B ${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -L${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -msoft-float" CXX="mips-unknown-freebsd11.0-g++ -nostdinc -nostdinc++ -march=mips3 --sysroot=${ROOTFS} -isystem ${ROOTFS}/usr/include/c++/v1 -isystem ${ROOTFS}/usr/include -B ${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -L${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -msoft-float" ====== mips64 ====== %%FreeBSD%% does not provide release images for mips64, so a disk image must be built from source. Note that these instructions use a few placeholders: | /path/to/rootfs | Local directory on the host to hold the contents of the root filesystem. | | /path/to/disk.img | A file on the host to hold the UFS disk image of the root filesystem. | | /path/to/src | The path to the source tree used for the build. | ===== Building Disk Image ===== make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 buildworld make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 buildkernel KERNCONF=MALTA64 mkdir /path/to/rootfs make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 installworld DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 installkernel KERNCONF=MALTA64 DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 distribution DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs etcupdate extract -B -D /path/to/rootfs -s /path/to/src -M "TARGET_ARCH=mips64" Create ''%%/etc/fstab%%'' in the rootfs to mount '/dev/ada0' as an ufs filesystem for /. You might also wish to make other changes to files in /etc such as enabling ssh. makefs -M 4g -B be /path/to/disk.img /path/to/rootfs ===== Booting Disk Image ===== The serial console will be available on stdin and stdout. qemu-system-mips64 -kernel /path/to/rootfs/boot/kernel/kernel -nographic -hda /path/to/disk.img -m 2048 ===== Using External GCC from Ports ===== To use external GCC from ports instead of the in-tree GCC 4.2.1 use these steps to build the image: pkg install mips-xtoolchain-gcc make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc buildworld make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc buildkernel KERNCONF=MALTA64 mkdir /path/to/rootfs make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc installworld DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc installkernel KERNCONF=MALTA64 DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 distribution DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs etcupdate extract -B -D /path/to/rootfs -s /path/to/src -M "TARGET_ARCH=mips64 CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc" To cross-compile simple programs using the rootfs and external GCC, use the following variables. Note that for C++ you may need to remove /usr/lib/include from the rootfs for builds to work correctly (note that this uses libc++ and so should work with C++11 programs): ROOTFS=/path/to/rootfs CC="mips-unknown-freebsd11.0-gcc -nostdinc -mabi=64 --sysroot=${ROOTFS} -isystem ${ROOTFS}/usr/include -B ${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -L${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -msoft-float" CXX="mips-unknown-freebsd11.0-g++ -nostdinc -nostdinc++ -mabi=64 --sysroot=${ROOTFS} -isystem ${ROOTFS}/usr/include/c++/v1 -isystem ${ROOTFS}/usr/include -B ${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -L${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -msoft-float" ====== powerpc ====== **Note:** This does not yet work. Both the default (''%%g3beige%%'') and ''%%mac99%%'' machine types hang during boot. ====== powerpc64 ====== See Also: [[powerpc/QEMU]] To disable the graphic console, use ''%%-nographic -vga none%%''. Note that the default NIC provided by qemu(4) (llan(4%%))%% does not provide media status. As a result, DHCP is not started by devd out of the box. Use ''%%SYNCHDHCP%%'' in ''%%/etc/rc.conf%%'' instead of ''%%DHCP%%'' to enable DHCP on boot. ===== Install from ISO ===== qemu-system-ppc64 -cdrom /path/to/disc1.iso -drive file=/path/to/disk.img,format=raw -boot d ===== Booting Installed System ===== qemu-system-ppc64 -drive file=/path/to/disk.img,format=raw ====== riscv ====== See also: [[riscv/QEMU]] and [[riscv]] Booting %%FreeBSD%%/riscv64 requires installing two ports: sysutils/opensbi and sysutils/u-boot-qemu-riscv64. ===== Booting Disk Image ===== qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -m 512m -nographic -bios /usr/local/share/opensbi/lp64/generic/firmware/fw_jump.elf -kernel /usr/local/share/u-boot/u-boot-qemu-riscv64/u-boot.bin -drive file=/path/to/disk.img,format=raw,id=hd0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 ====== sparc64 ====== %%FreeBSD%%/sparc64 should boot with qemu 2.6 and above with ''%%-nographic%%'' option. Confirmed with 10.4-STABLE snapshot (r326054) and qemu 2.9.0; however, 12.0-CURRENT hangs during the boot process (YMMV). ===== Install from ISO ===== qemu-system-sparc64 -cdrom /path/to/disc1.iso -drive file=/path/to/disk.img,format=raw -boot d ===== Booting Installed System ===== qemu-system-sparc64 -drive file=/path/to/disk.img,format=raw ---- [[CategoryVirtualization]]