====== Installing FreeBSD Root on ZFS (Mirror) using GPT ======

===== Creating a bootable ZFS Filesystem =====

  - Boot %%FreeBSD%% install DVD or USB Memstick

  - Choose Fixit option in sysinstall

  - Create GPT Disks

<code>
Fixit# gpart create -s gpt ad0
Fixit# gpart create -s gpt ad1
</code>

  - Create the boot, swap and zfs partitions

Create 3 partitions on both drives ad0 and ad1.  The first partition contains the gptzfsboot loader which is able to recognize and load the loader from a [[/ZFS]] partition. The second partition is a 4 GB swap partition. The third partition is the partition containing the zpool (60GB).

<code>
Fixit# gpart add -b 34 -s 512k -t freebsd-boot ad0
Fixit# gpart add -s 4G -t freebsd-swap -l swap0 ad0
Fixit# gpart add -s 60G -t freebsd-zfs -l disk0 ad0
</code>

<code>
Fixit# gpart add -b 34 -s 512k -t freebsd-boot ad1
Fixit# gpart add -s 4G -t freebsd-swap -l swap1 ad1
Fixit# gpart add -s 60G -t freebsd-zfs -l disk1 ad1
</code>

<callout type="info">
**Note:**

  - While a [[/RootOnZFS#ZFS_Swap_Volume|ZFS Swap Volume]] can be used instead of the freebsd-swap partition, crash dumps can't be created on the ZFS Swap Volume.
  - Sizes and offsets are specified in sectors by default (1 sector is typically 512 bytes) but can have 'M' or 'G' suffixes for MB and GB.
</callout>

  - Install the Protective MBR (pmbr) and gptzfsboot loader to both drives

<code>
Fixit# gpart bootcode -b /mnt2/boot/pmbr -p /mnt2/boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0
Fixit# gpart bootcode -b /mnt2/boot/pmbr -p /mnt2/boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad1
</code>

This may fail with an "operation not permitted" error message, since the kernel likes to protect critical parts of the disk. If this happens for you, run:

<code>
Fixit# sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=0x10
</code>

  - Load ZFS kernel module

<code>
Fixit# kldload /mnt2/boot/kernel/opensolaris.ko
Fixit# kldload /mnt2/boot/kernel/zfs.ko
</code>

  - Create ZFS Pool zroot

<code>
Fixit# mkdir /boot/zfs
Fixit# zpool create zroot mirror /dev/gpt/disk0 /dev/gpt/disk1
Fixit# zpool set bootfs=zroot zroot
</code>

<callout type="info">
**Note:**

zroot is the name of the ZFS Pool, it could be anything (i.e. tank, data,...)
</callout>

===== Installing FreeBSD to the ZFS filesystem =====
{{page>RootOnZFS/InstallingFreeBSD&nofooter&noeditbtn}}

===== Finish install =====

  - Using swap \\ \\ 

There are 2 ways to use the gpt/swap0 and gpt/swap1 partitions \\ \\ 

    - Create /etc/fstab to use both swap partitions

<code>
Fixit# cat << EOF > /zroot/etc/fstab
# Device			Mountpoint		FStype	Options		Dump	Pass#
/dev/gpt/swap0			none			swap	sw		0	0
/dev/gpt/swap1			none			swap	sw		0	0
EOF
</code>

  - Use gmirror to mirror the swap partitions \\ \\ 

    - Load gmirror kernel module

<code>
Fixit# kldload /mnt2/boot/kernel/geom_mirror.ko
</code>

  - Create the gmirror swap

<code>
Fixit# gmirror label -b prefer swap gpt/swap0 gpt/swap1
</code>

<callout type="info">
**Note:**

The 'prefer' balance algorithm can be replaced by 'round-robin'.  See the gmirror(8) man page about problem using the 'round-robin' balance algorithm and kernel dumps \\ \\ 
</callout>

  - Create /etc/fstab to use the gmirror swap partition

<code>
Fixit# cat << EOF > /zroot/etc/fstab
# Device			Mountpoint		FStype	Options		Dump	Pass#
/dev/mirror/swap			none			swap	sw		0	0
EOF
</code>

  - Add gmirror to /boot/loader.conf

<code>
Fixit# echo 'geom_mirror_load="YES"' >> /zroot/boot/loader.conf
</code>

  - export LD_LIBRARY_PATH 

<code>
Fixit# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/mnt2/lib 
</code>

  - Unmount all zfs filesystems

<code>
Fixit# zfs unmount -a
</code>

  - Change mount points for zroot pool 

<code>
Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=legacy zroot
Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/tmp zroot/tmp
Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/usr zroot/usr
Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/var zroot/var
</code>

  - Exit Fixit mode and sysinstall.  Remove the %%FreeBSD%% install DVD/Memstick and the system will boot using the ZFS root.