====== Installing FreeBSD Root on ZFS using UFS /boot ======

===== Creating a bootable ZFS Filesystem =====

  - Boot %%FreeBSD%% install DVD or USB Memstick

  - Choose Fixit option in sysinstall

  - Create MBR disk\\ \\ 

If you are installing on an New drive, you will need to create the MBR geometry first:

<code>
Fixit# gpart create -s mbr ad0
</code>

  - Create Slice using gpart\\ \\ 

This example already has two slices defined on the drive.

<code>
Fixit# gpart show ad0
=>       63  625142385  ad0  MBR  (289G)
         63  209712447    1  !7  (100G)
  209712510     417690    2  !136  (204M)
  210130200  415012248       - free -  (198G)
</code>

Create a third slice using the **s**ize parameter. You may omit the size to use the remainder of the disk. Then create a BSD partition table on the new slice.

<code>
Fixit# gpart add -s 198G -t freebsd ad0
ad0s3 added
Fixit# gpart create -s BSD ad0s3
ad0s3 created
</code>

And examine the result:

<code>
Fixit# gpart show ad0
=>       63  625142385  ad0  MBR  (289G)
         63  209712447    1  !7  (100G)
  209712510     417690    2  !136  (204M)
  210130200  415012248    3  freebsd  (198G)
</code>

<callout type="info">
**Note:**

Sizes and offsets are specified in sectors (1 sector is typically 512 bytes) but can also be specified in MB or GB by adding a 'M' or 'G' suffix.
</callout>

  - Set partition active (Optional)\\ \\ 

Some BIOSes might require setting a Slice active.  Here we set partition 1 (the Windows Partiton) as the active partition.

<code>
Fixit# gpart set -a active -i 1 ad0
</code>

  - Create partitions (ad0s3a, ad0s3b, ad0s3d)

<code>
Fixit# gpart show ad0s3
=>        0  415012248  ad0s3  BSD  (198G)
          0  415012248  ad0s3  - free -  (198G)
</code>

<code>
Fixit# gpart add -s 1G -t freebsd-ufs ad0s3
ad0s3a added
</code>

<code>
Fixit# gpart show ad0s3
=>        0  415012248  ad0s3  BSD  (198G)
          0    2097152      1  freebsd-ufs  (1G)
    2097152  412915096         - free -  (197G)
</code>

<code>
Fixit# gpart add -s 4G -t freebsd-swap ad0s3
ad0s3b added
</code>

<code>
Fixit# gpart show ad0s3
=>        0  415012248  ad0s3  BSD  (198G)
          0    2097152      1  freebsd-ufs  (1.0G)
    2097152    8380827      2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
   10477979  404534269         - free -  (193G)
</code>

<code>
Fixit# gpart add -t freebsd-zfs ad0s3
ad0s3a added
</code>

<code>
Fixit# gpart show ad0s3
=>        0  415012248  ad0s3  BSD  (198G)
          0    2097152      1  freebsd-ufs  (1.0G)
    2097152    8380827      2  freebsd-swap  (4.0G)
   10477979  404534269      4  freebsd-zfs  (193G)
</code>

<callout type="info">
**Note:**

  - While a [[/RootOnZFS#ZFS_Swap_Volume|ZFS Swap Volume]] can be used instead of the freebsd-swap partition, crash dumps can't be created on the ZFS Swap Volume.
  - Sizes and offsets are specified in sectors (1 sector is typically 512 bytes) but can also be specified in MB and GB by using a 'M' or 'G' suffix.
</callout>

  - Install boot Manager

<code>
Fixit# gpart bootcode -b /mnt2/boot/boot0 ad0
bootcode written to ad0
</code>

It's ok if you get an "unknown class" message here, but it you get "failed to install" or the like, you'll need to try again after making sure that nothing is mounted from /dev/ad0.

<code>
Fixit# gpart bootcode -b /mnt2/boot/boot ad0s3
bootcode written to ad0s3
</code>

This may fail with an "operation not permitted" error message, since the kernel likes to protect critical parts of the disk. If this happens for you, run:

<code>
Fixit# sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=0x10
</code>

  - Load ZFS kernel module

<code>
Fixit# kldload /mnt2/boot/kernel/opensolaris.ko
Fixit# kldload /mnt2/boot/kernel/zfs.ko
</code>

  - Create ZFS Pool zroot

<code>
Fixit# mkdir /boot/zfs
Fixit# zpool create zroot /dev/ad0s3d
Fixit# zpool set bootfs=zroot zroot
</code>

<callout type="info">
**Note:**

zroot is the name of the ZFS Pool, it could be anything (i.e. tank, data, ...)
</callout>

  - Create UFS /boot

<code>
Fixit# mkdir /zroot/bootdir
Fixit# newfs /dev/ad0s3a
Fixit# mount /dev/ad0s3a /zroot/bootdir
</code>

===== Installing FreeBSD to the ZFS filesystem =====
{{page>RootOnZFS/InstallingFreeBSD&nofooter&noeditbtn}}

===== Finish install =====

  - Move /zroot/boot into /zroot/bootdir

<code>
Fixit# cd /zroot
Fixit# mv boot bootdir/
Fixit# ln -s bootdir/boot /zroot/boot
Fixit# chflags -h sunlink /zroot/boot
</code>

  - Create /etc/fstab

<code>
Fixit# mkdir /zroot/etc
Fixit# cat << EOF > /zroot/etc/fstab
# Device			Mountpoint		FStype	Options		Dump	Pass#
/dev/ad0s3a			/bootdir		ufs	rw		0	0
/dev/ad0s3b			none			swap	sw		0	0
EOF
</code>

  - export LD_LIBRARY_PATH 

<code>
Fixit# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/mnt2/lib 
</code>

  - Unmount all zfs filesystems

<code>
Fixit# umount /zroot/bootdir
Fixit# zfs unmount -a
</code>

  - Change mount points for zroot pool 

<code>
Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=legacy zroot
Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/tmp zroot/tmp
Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/usr zroot/usr
Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/var zroot/var
</code>

  - Exit Fixit mode, and then sysinstall.  Remove the %%FreeBSD%% install DVD/Memstick and the system will boot using the ZFS root.