Show pageOld revisionsBacklinksBack to top This page is read only. You can view the source, but not change it. Ask your administrator if you think this is wrong. ====== Migrate system from i386 (32-bit mode) to amd64 (64-bit mode) ====== ===== Motivation ===== If an amd64 hardware has been initially installed in 32-bit mode (i.e. as a plain i386 machine), it might later be desired to turn it into a full 64-bit machine. The recommended way to do this is to back up all personal and important data, and reinstall using an amd64 installation medium. However, it's also possible to //migrate// the machine through a rebuild from source code. Much of this description has been inspired by [[http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-amd64/2004-December/003008.html|Peter Wemm's mailing list article]]. ===== Prerequisites ===== * some amd64 hardware, currently running in i386 mode (obviously ;.) * a swap partition/volume of at least 450 %%MiB%% which can be used as a temporary root filesystem (//miniroot//) * enough RAM so the machine could at least install a precompiled system without swap * a recent ''%%/usr/src%%'' filesystem of whatever branch has been chosen * a running i386 system matching whatever is installed under ''%%/usr/src%%'' (just to be sure everything is consistent) * a safe backup of all important data, in case something goes wrong with the migration * console access, so you can use the loader prompt and single user mode (ssh access is not sufficient!) ===== Migration Process ===== * If necessary, define your kernel config file in /etc/make.conf, create and edit it (otherwise, GENERIC will be used). * Build amd64 world and kernel using: * ''%%make buildworld TARGET=amd64 TARGET_ARCH=amd64%%'' * ''%%make buildkernel TARGET=amd64 TARGET_ARCH=amd64%%'' \\ This is supposed to pass without any issues. If not: resolve issues, and start over. * Turn your swap into a //miniroot//: * ''%%swapinfo -h%%'' — make sure no swap is in use (if the swap is not free, reboot here) * ''%%swapoff /dev/ad4s1b%%'' (or whatever your swap device is named — replace that name in the steps below if it is different) * edit ''%%/etc/fstab%%'' to comment out the ''%%swap%%'' line * ''%%newfs -U -n /dev/ad4s1b%%'' * ''%%mount /dev/ad4s1b /mnt%%'' * ''%%cd /usr/src && make installworld TARGET=amd64 TARGET_ARCH=amd64 DESTDIR=/mnt%%'' * ''%%file /mnt/bin/echo%%'' — make sure this displays as //ELF 64-bit LSB executable// * ''%%cd /usr/src/etc && make distribution TARGET=amd64 TARGET_ARCH=amd64 DESTDIR=/mnt%%'' * ''%%cp /etc/fstab /mnt/etc/fstab%%'' This completes your miniroot in the swap volume. * Prepare the ''%%/usr/obj%%'' tree for later installation: * The 64-bit (cross) build should be in ''%%/usr/obj/amd64.amd64%%'' now, so remove any leftover 32-bit stuff: ''%%rm -rf /usr/obj/usr/src%%''. * ''%%cd /usr/obj && ln -s amd64.amd64/* .%%'' — this should get symlinks for ''%%lib32%%'' and ''%%usr%%'' (the original file location must still be retained by now) * Copy the 64-bit kernel into a bootable place, like * ''%%cp /usr/obj/amd64.amd64/usr/src/sys/$YOURKERNEL/kernel /boot/kernel.amd64%%'' * If any further KLDs are needed that have not been statically compiled into the kernel, copy them over to some place (presumably under ''%%/boot%%''), too. * Reboot, and stop the system at the loader prompt (in the loader menu, press "2" for %%FreeBSD%% 9, or press "6" for %%FreeBSD%% 8) * ''%%unload%%'' to get rid of the (automatically loaded) 32-bit kernel * ''%%load /boot/kernel.amd64%%'', possibly followed by loading any essential 64-bit KLDs here * ''%%boot -as%%'' to boot into single-user mode, with the loader asking for the location of the root filesystem (rather than figuring it out from ''%%/etc/fstab%%'') * At the loader prompt asking for the root filesytem, enter ''%%ufs:%%'', followed by the name of the swap volume/partition; e.g. ''%%ufs:/dev/ad4s1b%%'' * Press //Enter// to get the single-user shell * Mount (at least) the ''%%/%%'', ''%%/var%%'' and ''%%/usr%%'' filesystems under /mnt; examine ''%%/etc/fstab%%'' to know which resources to mount * Bootstrap the system libraries and utilities from the miniroot: * ''%%chflags -R noschg /mnt/*bin /mnt/lib* /mnt/usr/*bin /mnt/usr/lib*%%'' * ''%%cd / && find *bin lib* usr/*bin usr/lib* | cpio -dumpv /mnt%%'' * ''%%mount -t devfs devfs /mnt/dev%%'' * ''%%chroot /mnt%%'' so you can pretend living in the final target filesystem space * ''%%cd /usr/src && make installkernel installworld%%'' — this should work without any issues * ''%%exit%%'' so you're back in the miniroot environment * ''%%reboot%%'' * Boot into single-user mode (in the loader menu, press "6" then Enter for %%FreeBSD%% 9, or press "4" for %%FreeBSD%% 8) * ''%%fsck -p%%'' (just make sure all filesystems are allright) * ''%%mount -a -t ufs%%'' * Edit ''%%/etc/fstab%%'' to re-enable the swap * To give any existing (32-bit) ports a chance to work, do the following: * ''%%mkdir /usr/local/lib32%%'' * ''%%cd /usr/local/lib && find . -type f \( -name "*.so*" -o -name "*.a" \) | cpio -dumpv ../lib32%%'' * add the following line to ''%%/etc/rc.conf%%'': * ''%%ldconfig32_paths="/usr/lib32 /usr/local/lib32"%%'' * Turn ''%%/usr/obj%%'' into its canonical form (optional): * ''%%cd /usr/obj%%'' * ''%%rm *%%'' — just to remove the ''%%lib32%%'' and ''%%usr%%'' symlinks (it will complain and //not// remove the ''%%amd64.amd64%%'' directory) * ''%%mv amd64.amd64/* . && rmdir amd64.amd64%%'' * Remove the temporary kernel (optional): ''%%rm /boot/kernel.amd64%%'' * Exit the single-user shell, bringing the system into multiuser Now the basic migration has been done. Some 32-bit ports might not work, despite of the hackery to save their shared libs in a separate place. It's probably best to reinstall all ports. ''%%portupgrade -af%%'' doesn't work as it clobbers its own package database in the course of this operation (when reinstalling ruby and/or ruby-bdb). ---- {{tag>HowTo}} amd64/i386migration.txt Last modified: 2019/05/05 12:13by KubilayKocak