QemuRecipes [FreeBSD WIKI]

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====== QemuRecipes ======

This page contains recipes for using qemu to run %%FreeBSD%% inside virtual machines (especially non-native virtual machines) on a %%FreeBSD%% host.  The goal is to have a at least one "blessed" qemu recipe for each architecture %%FreeBSD%% supports.  For more details on running qemu in general including network configuration, see the [[qemu|qemu]] page.

For systems installed from an ISO image, the instructions assume you have downloaded an appropriate ISO image from a release or snapshot.  When installing a new machine that requires a disk image, you can use truncate(1) to create an empty disk image before installing, for example:

<code>
truncate -s 16g /path/to/disk.img
</code>

If you wish to boot without a graphical console, add ''%%-nographic%%'' to the qemu command line.

====== armv7 ======

First, install the U-Boot port, sysutils/u-boot-qemu-arm.

===== Booting Disk Image =====

The serial console will be available on stdin and stdout.

<code>
qemu-system-arm -M virt -m 512m -nographic -bios /usr/local/share/u-boot/u-boot-qemu-arm/u-boot.bin -hda /path/to/disk.img
</code>

====== aarch64 ======

See also: [[arm64/QEMU]]

%%FreeBSD%%/aarch64 (aka ARM64) image can be booted in two ways: using U-Boot, or with UEFI image.  For instructions on how to boot with UEFI, see [[arm64/QEMU]].
To boot using U-Boot, install sysutils/u-boot-qemu-arm64 port.

===== Booting Disk Image =====

<code>
qemu-system-aarch64 -M virt -m 512m -cpu cortex-a57 -nographic -bios /usr/local/share/u-boot/u-boot-qemu-arm64/u-boot.bin -hda /path/to/disk.img
</code>

====== mips ======

%%FreeBSD%% does not provide release images for mips, so a disk image must be built from source.  Note that these instructions use a few placeholders:

| /path/to/rootfs | Local directory on the host to hold the contents of the root filesystem. |
| /path/to/disk.img | A file on the host to hold the UFS disk image of the root filesystem. |
| /path/to/src | The path to the source tree used for the build. |

===== Building Disk Image =====

<code>
make TARGET_ARCH=mips buildworld
make TARGET_ARCH=mips buildkernel KERNCONF=MALTA
mkdir /path/to/rootfs
make TARGET_ARCH=mips installworld DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs
make TARGET_ARCH=mips installkernel KERNCONF=MALTA DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs
make TARGET_ARCH=mips distribution DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs
etcupdate extract -B -D /path/to/rootfs -s /path/to/src -M "TARGET_ARCH=mips"
</code>

Create ''%%/etc/fstab%%'' in the rootfs to mount '/dev/ada0' as an ufs filesystem for /.  You might also wish to make other
changes to files in /etc such as enabling ssh.

<code>
makefs -M 4g -B be /path/to/disk.img /path/to/rootfs
</code>

===== Booting Disk Image =====

The serial console will be available on stdin and stdout.

<code>
qemu-system-mips -kernel /path/to/rootfs/boot/kernel/kernel -nographic -hda /path/to/disk.img -m 2048
</code>

===== Using External GCC from Ports =====

To use external GCC from ports instead of the in-tree GCC 4.2.1 use these steps to build the image:

<code>
pkg install mips-xtoolchain-gcc
make TARGET_ARCH=mips CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc TARGET_CPUTYPE=mips3 buildworld
make TARGET_ARCH=mips CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc TARGET_CPUTYPE=mips3 buildkernel KERNCONF=MALTA
mkdir /path/to/rootfs
make TARGET_ARCH=mips CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc installworld DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs
make TARGET_ARCH=mips CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc installkernel KERNCONF=MALTA DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs
make TARGET_ARCH=mips distribution DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs
etcupdate extract -B -D /path/to/rootfs -s /path/to/src -M "TARGET_ARCH=mips CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc"
</code>

To cross-compile simple programs using the rootfs and external GCC, use the following variables.  Note that for C++ you may need to remove /usr/lib/include from the rootfs for builds to work correctly (note that this uses libc++ and so should work with C++11 programs):

<code>
ROOTFS=/path/to/rootfs
CC="mips-unknown-freebsd11.0-gcc -nostdinc -march=mips3 --sysroot=${ROOTFS} -isystem ${ROOTFS}/usr/include -B ${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -L${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -msoft-float"
CXX="mips-unknown-freebsd11.0-g++ -nostdinc -nostdinc++ -march=mips3 --sysroot=${ROOTFS} -isystem ${ROOTFS}/usr/include/c++/v1 -isystem ${ROOTFS}/usr/include -B ${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -L${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -msoft-float"
</code>

====== mips64 ======

%%FreeBSD%% does not provide release images for mips64, so a disk image must be built from source.  Note that these instructions use a few placeholders:

| /path/to/rootfs | Local directory on the host to hold the contents of the root filesystem. |
| /path/to/disk.img | A file on the host to hold the UFS disk image of the root filesystem. |
| /path/to/src | The path to the source tree used for the build. |

===== Building Disk Image =====

<code>
make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 buildworld
make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 buildkernel KERNCONF=MALTA64
mkdir /path/to/rootfs
make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 installworld DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs
make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 installkernel KERNCONF=MALTA64 DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs
make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 distribution DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs
etcupdate extract -B -D /path/to/rootfs -s /path/to/src -M "TARGET_ARCH=mips64"
</code>

Create ''%%/etc/fstab%%'' in the rootfs to mount '/dev/ada0' as an ufs filesystem for /.  You might also wish to make other
changes to files in /etc such as enabling ssh.

<code>
makefs -M 4g -B be /path/to/disk.img /path/to/rootfs
</code>

===== Booting Disk Image =====

The serial console will be available on stdin and stdout.

<code>
qemu-system-mips64 -kernel /path/to/rootfs/boot/kernel/kernel -nographic -hda /path/to/disk.img -m 2048
</code>

===== Using External GCC from Ports =====

To use external GCC from ports instead of the in-tree GCC 4.2.1 use these steps to build the image:

<code>
pkg install mips-xtoolchain-gcc
make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc buildworld
make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc buildkernel KERNCONF=MALTA64
mkdir /path/to/rootfs
make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc installworld DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs
make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc installkernel KERNCONF=MALTA64 DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs
make TARGET_ARCH=mips64 distribution DESTDIR=/path/to/rootfs
etcupdate extract -B -D /path/to/rootfs -s /path/to/src -M "TARGET_ARCH=mips64 CROSS_TOOLCHAIN=mips-gcc"
</code>

To cross-compile simple programs using the rootfs and external GCC, use the following variables.  Note that for C++ you may need to remove /usr/lib/include from the rootfs for builds to work correctly (note that this uses libc++ and so should work with C++11 programs):

<code>
ROOTFS=/path/to/rootfs
CC="mips-unknown-freebsd11.0-gcc -nostdinc -mabi=64 --sysroot=${ROOTFS} -isystem ${ROOTFS}/usr/include -B ${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -L${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -msoft-float"
CXX="mips-unknown-freebsd11.0-g++ -nostdinc -nostdinc++ -mabi=64 --sysroot=${ROOTFS} -isystem ${ROOTFS}/usr/include/c++/v1 -isystem ${ROOTFS}/usr/include -B ${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -L${ROOTFS}/usr/lib -msoft-float"
</code>

====== powerpc ======

**Note:** This does not yet work.  Both the default (''%%g3beige%%'') and ''%%mac99%%'' machine types hang during boot.

====== powerpc64 ======

See Also: [[powerpc/QEMU]]

To disable the graphic console, use ''%%-nographic -vga none%%''.  Note that the default NIC provided by qemu(4) (llan(4%%))%% does not provide media status.  As a result, DHCP is not started by devd out of the box.  Use ''%%SYNCHDHCP%%'' in ''%%/etc/rc.conf%%'' instead of ''%%DHCP%%'' to enable DHCP on boot.

===== Install from ISO =====

<code>
qemu-system-ppc64 -cdrom /path/to/disc1.iso -drive file=/path/to/disk.img,format=raw -boot d
</code>

===== Booting Installed System =====

<code>
qemu-system-ppc64 -drive file=/path/to/disk.img,format=raw
</code>

====== riscv ======

See also: [[riscv/QEMU]] and [[riscv]]

Booting %%FreeBSD%%/riscv64 requires installing two ports: sysutils/opensbi and sysutils/u-boot-qemu-riscv64.

===== Booting Disk Image =====

<code>
qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -m 512m -nographic -bios /usr/local/share/opensbi/lp64/generic/firmware/fw_jump.elf -kernel /usr/local/share/u-boot/u-boot-qemu-riscv64/u-boot.bin -drive file=/path/to/disk.img,format=raw,id=hd0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0
</code>

====== sparc64 ======

%%FreeBSD%%/sparc64 should boot with qemu 2.6 and above with ''%%-nographic%%'' option.  Confirmed with 10.4-STABLE snapshot (r326054) and qemu 2.9.0; however, 12.0-CURRENT hangs during the boot process (YMMV).

===== Install from ISO =====

<code>
qemu-system-sparc64 -cdrom /path/to/disc1.iso -drive file=/path/to/disk.img,format=raw -boot d
</code>

===== Booting Installed System =====

<code>
qemu-system-sparc64 -drive file=/path/to/disk.img,format=raw
</code>

----

[[CategoryVirtualization]]